Informes especiales

Explore energy transition pathways and S&P Global Commodity Insights’ emissions outlook to 2050. Five long-term outlooks describe contrasting futures for global and regional energy demand, fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, but also illustrate striking similarities emerging across all cases.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA), signed into law by US President Joe Biden on August 16, 2022, contains an array of energy-related tax incentives aimed at combating climate change, as well as other measures aimed at reducing the federal deficit and reducing prescription drug prices. The IRA has been heralded as a massive boon for the energy transition, but is it enough to achieve economy-wide, or even power-sector carbon net-neutrality?

How do geopolitical risks affect energy prices, and what security flashpoints have emerged across the world recently? This analysis shows how diversity of supply, higher levels of global spare capacity and the expansion of strategic fuel reserves have helped insulate markets from the risk of supply disruptions due to war, sanctions, climate change and unrest.

From humble beginnings, the Middle East's refining industry has grown into a global player, strategically located between major international markets in Asia, Africa and Europe. At a time when refineries in Europe and the US are starved of investment, Middle East operators are going through a dynamic period of expansion to corner new opportunities opening up from changing flows in global trade.